https://en.m.wikipedia.org/?title=Bosnia_and_Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
"Bosnia" and "BiH" redirect here. For other uses, see Bosnia (disambiguation) and BiH (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosna i Hercegovina
Босна и Херцеговина
 
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem:
Državna himna Bosne i Hercegovine
National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Capital
and largest city Sarajevo[1]
43°52′N 18°25′E
Official languages (state level) None (de jure)
Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian (de facto)
Official languages (entity level) Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska)
Ethnic groups (2013 estimates[2])
48.4% Bosniaks
32.7% Serbs
14.6% Croats
4.3% other
Demonym
Bosnian
Herzegovinian
Government Federal parliamentary
republic[3]
- High Representative Valentin Inzkoa
- Chairman of the Presidency
Mladen Ivanićb
- Members of the Presidency Dragan Čovićc
Bakir Izetbegovićd
- Prime Minister Denis Zvizdić
Legislature Parliamentary Assembly
- Upper house House of Peoples
- Lower house House of Representatives
Independence
- First mentioned 753
- Banate of Bosnia 1154
- Kingdom of Bosnia 1377
- Conquered by Ottoman Empire 1463
- Bosnian uprising 1831
- Jurisdiction transferred to Austria–Hungary 1878
- Annexation of Bosnia by Austria-Hungary 1908
- National Day 25 November 1943
- Independence from SFR Yugoslavia 1 March 1992
- Observed[4] 6 April 1992
Area
- Total 51,197 km2 (127th)
19,741 sq mi
- Water (%) 0.8%
Population
- 2014 census 3,871,643[5]
GDP (PPP) 2014 estimate
- Total $33.251 billion[6]
- Per capita $8,589[6]
GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate
- Total $19.122 billion[6]
- Per capita $4,939[6]
Gini (2013) 36.2[7]
medium
HDI (2014)  0.731[8]
high · 86th
Currency Convertible mark (BAM)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
- Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Date format dd.mm.yyyy (CE)
Drives on the right
Calling code 387
ISO 3166 code BA
Internet TLD .ba
a. Not a government member; the High Representative is an international civilian overseer of the Dayton peace agreement with authority to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact legislation.
b. Chair of current presidency (Serb).
c. Current presidency member (Croat).
d. Current presidency member (Bosniak).
Bosnia and Herzegovina (i/ˈbɒzniə ənd hɛərtsəɡɵˈviːnə/; Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian Bosna i Hercegovina, pronounced [bôsna i xěrt͡seɡoʋina]; Cyrillic script: Боснa и Херцеговина), sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina, abbreviated BiH, and in short often known informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeastern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula. Sarajevo is the capital[1] and largest city.[5] Bordered by Croatia to the north, west, and south; Serbia to the east; Montenegro to the southeast; and the Adriatic Sea to the south, with a coastline about 20 kilometres (12 miles) long surrounding the city of Neum.[9][10] In the central and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous, in the northwest it is moderately hilly, and the northeast is predominantly flatland. The inland is a geographically larger region and has a moderate continental climate, bookended by hot summers and cold and snowy winters. The southern tip of the country has a Mediterranean climate and plain topography.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a region that traces permanent human settlement back to the Neolithic age, during and after which it was populated by several Illyrian and Celtic civilizations. Culturally, politically, and socially, the country has one of the richest histories in the region, having been first settled by the Slavic peoples that populate the area today from the 6th through to the 9th centuries AD. They then established the first independent banate in the region, known as the Banate of Bosnia,[11] in the early 12th century upon the arrival and convergence of peoples that would eventually come to call themselves Dobri Bošnjani ("Good Bosnians").[12][13] This evolved into the Kingdom of Bosnia in the 14th century, after which it was annexed into the Ottoman Empire, under whose rule it would remain from the mid-15th to the late 19th centuries. The Ottomans brought Islam to the region, and altered much of the cultural and social outlook of the country. This was followed by annexation into the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which lasted up until World War I. In the interwar period, Bosnia was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and after World War II, the country was granted full republic status in the newly formed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Following the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the country proclaimed independence in 1992, which was followed by the Bosnian War, lasting until late 1995.
Today, the country maintains high literacy, life expectancy and education levels and is one of the most frequently visited countries in the region,[14] projected to have the third highest tourism growth rate in the world between 1995 and 2020.[15] Bosnia and Herzegovina is regionally and internationally renowned for its natural beauty and cultural heritage inherited from six historical civilizations, its cuisine, winter sports, its eclectic and unique music, architecture and its festivals, some of which are the largest and most prominent of their kind in Southeastern Europe.[16][17] The country is home to three main ethnic groups or, officially, constituent peoples, a term unique for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosniaks are the largest group of the three, with Serbs second and Croats third. Regardless of ethnicity, a citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina is often identified in English as a Bosnian. The terms Herzegovinian and Bosnian are maintained as a regional rather than ethnic distinction, and the region of Herzegovina has no precisely defined borders of its own. Moreover, the country was simply called "Bosnia" until the Austro-Hungarian occupation at the end of the 19th century.[18]
Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature and a three-member Presidency composed of a member of each major ethnic group. However, the central government's power is highly limited, as the country is largely decentralized and comprises two autonomous entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, with a third region, the Brčko District, governed under local government. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is itself complex and consists of 10 federal units – cantons. The country is a potential candidate for membership to the European Union and has been a candidate for North Atlantic Treaty Organisation membership since April 2010, when it received a Membership Action Plan at a summit in Tallinn.[19] Additionally, the country has been a member of the Council of Europe since April 2002 and a founding member of the Mediterranean Union upon its establishment in July 2008.
Contents
Etymology
History
Early history
Medieval Bosnia
Ottoman Bosnia (1463–1878)
Austro-Hungarian rule (1878–1918)
Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941)
World War II (1941–45)
Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)
Bosnian War (1992–1995)
Anti-government protests (2014)
Geography
Government and politics
Military
Foreign relations
Demographics
Ethnic groups
Languages
Cities
Economy
Transport
Communications
Tourism
Tourist attractions
Education
Culture
Architecture
Literature
Art
Music
Cinema and theatre
Sports
Cuisine
Leisure activities
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
Etymology
History
Geography
Government and politics
Demographics
Economy
Education
Culture
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
Read in another language
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Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless otherwise noted.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
"Bosnia" and "BiH" redirect here. For other uses, see Bosnia (disambiguation) and BiH (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosna i Hercegovina
Босна и Херцеговина
 
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem:
Državna himna Bosne i Hercegovine
National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Capital
and largest city Sarajevo[1]
43°52′N 18°25′E
Official languages (state level) None (de jure)
Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian (de facto)
Official languages (entity level) Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska)
Ethnic groups (2013 estimates[2])
48.4% Bosniaks
32.7% Serbs
14.6% Croats
4.3% other
Demonym
Bosnian
Herzegovinian
Government Federal parliamentary
republic[3]
- High Representative Valentin Inzkoa
- Chairman of the Presidency
Mladen Ivanićb
- Members of the Presidency Dragan Čovićc
Bakir Izetbegovićd
- Prime Minister Denis Zvizdić
Legislature Parliamentary Assembly
- Upper house House of Peoples
- Lower house House of Representatives
Independence
- First mentioned 753
- Banate of Bosnia 1154
- Kingdom of Bosnia 1377
- Conquered by Ottoman Empire 1463
- Bosnian uprising 1831
- Jurisdiction transferred to Austria–Hungary 1878
- Annexation of Bosnia by Austria-Hungary 1908
- National Day 25 November 1943
- Independence from SFR Yugoslavia 1 March 1992
- Observed[4] 6 April 1992
Area
- Total 51,197 km2 (127th)
19,741 sq mi
- Water (%) 0.8%
Population
- 2014 census 3,871,643[5]
GDP (PPP) 2014 estimate
- Total $33.251 billion[6]
- Per capita $8,589[6]
GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate
- Total $19.122 billion[6]
- Per capita $4,939[6]
Gini (2013) 36.2[7]
medium
HDI (2014)  0.731[8]
high · 86th
Currency Convertible mark (BAM)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
- Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Date format dd.mm.yyyy (CE)
Drives on the right
Calling code 387
ISO 3166 code BA
Internet TLD .ba
a. Not a government member; the High Representative is an international civilian overseer of the Dayton peace agreement with authority to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact legislation.
b. Chair of current presidency (Serb).
c. Current presidency member (Croat).
d. Current presidency member (Bosniak).
Bosnia and Herzegovina (i/ˈbɒzniə ənd hɛərtsəɡɵˈviːnə/; Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian Bosna i Hercegovina, pronounced [bôsna i xěrt͡seɡoʋina]; Cyrillic script: Боснa и Херцеговина), sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina, abbreviated BiH, and in short often known informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeastern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula. Sarajevo is the capital[1] and largest city.[5] Bordered by Croatia to the north, west, and south; Serbia to the east; Montenegro to the southeast; and the Adriatic Sea to the south, with a coastline about 20 kilometres (12 miles) long surrounding the city of Neum.[9][10] In the central and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous, in the northwest it is moderately hilly, and the northeast is predominantly flatland. The inland is a geographically larger region and has a moderate continental climate, bookended by hot summers and cold and snowy winters. The southern tip of the country has a Mediterranean climate and plain topography.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a region that traces permanent human settlement back to the Neolithic age, during and after which it was populated by several Illyrian and Celtic civilizations. Culturally, politically, and socially, the country has one of the richest histories in the region, having been first settled by the Slavic peoples that populate the area today from the 6th through to the 9th centuries AD. They then established the first independent banate in the region, known as the Banate of Bosnia,[11] in the early 12th century upon the arrival and convergence of peoples that would eventually come to call themselves Dobri Bošnjani ("Good Bosnians").[12][13] This evolved into the Kingdom of Bosnia in the 14th century, after which it was annexed into the Ottoman Empire, under whose rule it would remain from the mid-15th to the late 19th centuries. The Ottomans brought Islam to the region, and altered much of the cultural and social outlook of the country. This was followed by annexation into the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which lasted up until World War I. In the interwar period, Bosnia was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and after World War II, the country was granted full republic status in the newly formed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Following the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the country proclaimed independence in 1992, which was followed by the Bosnian War, lasting until late 1995.
Today, the country maintains high literacy, life expectancy and education levels and is one of the most frequently visited countries in the region,[14] projected to have the third highest tourism growth rate in the world between 1995 and 2020.[15] Bosnia and Herzegovina is regionally and internationally renowned for its natural beauty and cultural heritage inherited from six historical civilizations, its cuisine, winter sports, its eclectic and unique music, architecture and its festivals, some of which are the largest and most prominent of their kind in Southeastern Europe.[16][17] The country is home to three main ethnic groups or, officially, constituent peoples, a term unique for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosniaks are the largest group of the three, with Serbs second and Croats third. Regardless of ethnicity, a citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina is often identified in English as a Bosnian. The terms Herzegovinian and Bosnian are maintained as a regional rather than ethnic distinction, and the region of Herzegovina has no precisely defined borders of its own. Moreover, the country was simply called "Bosnia" until the Austro-Hungarian occupation at the end of the 19th century.[18]
Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature and a three-member Presidency composed of a member of each major ethnic group. However, the central government's power is highly limited, as the country is largely decentralized and comprises two autonomous entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, with a third region, the Brčko District, governed under local government. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is itself complex and consists of 10 federal units – cantons. The country is a potential candidate for membership to the European Union and has been a candidate for North Atlantic Treaty Organisation membership since April 2010, when it received a Membership Action Plan at a summit in Tallinn.[19] Additionally, the country has been a member of the Council of Europe since April 2002 and a founding member of the Mediterranean Union upon its establishment in July 2008.
Contents
Etymology
History
Early history
Medieval Bosnia
Ottoman Bosnia (1463–1878)
Austro-Hungarian rule (1878–1918)
Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941)
World War II (1941–45)
Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)
Bosnian War (1992–1995)
Anti-government protests (2014)
Geography
Government and politics
Military
Foreign relations
Demographics
Ethnic groups
Languages
Cities
Economy
Transport
Communications
Tourism
Tourist attractions
Education
Culture
Architecture
Literature
Art
Music
Cinema and theatre
Sports
Cuisine
Leisure activities
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
Etymology
History
Geography
Government and politics
Demographics
Economy
Education
Culture
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
Read in another language
® MobileDesktop
Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless otherwise noted.
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